Lancelot kirkup



L. KIRKUP. Breakwater.-

No. 226,663. Patented April 20,1880.

".PETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPMER, WASHINGTON. n c.

UNITED STATES PATENT Orrrce.

LANOELOT KIRKUP, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO MANHATTAN IRON ANDSTEEL PIER AND BRIDGE COMPANY.

BREAKWATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,663, dated April20, 1880.

Application filed February 10, 1880.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LANOELOT KIRKUP, of thecity of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, have invented a new anduseful Improvement 5 in Breakwater-s, of which the followingis such afull, clear, and exact description as will enable others skilled in theart to which myinvention most nearly appertains to make and use thesame, when taken in connection with the acro companying drawings, inwhich Figure lis a perspective view of the breakwater and fastenings.Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of breakwater. Fig. 3 is an end View ofthe breakwater, showing the eyes on the IS journal of the central shaft.Fig. 4 is a cross section of the breakwater at the line w of Fig. 1.Fig. is a cross-section of a modified construction of the breakwater.

' The breakwater consists of a cylinder, A,

preferably made of sheet-iron, having therein and forming part of itheads or ends B B, through which the central shaft, (J 0, passes and towhich it is firmly fastened. This central shaft maybe made continuousthrough the cylinder, or, as shown in the drawings,

of short pieces, one at each end, and passing centrally throughsecondaryheads or bearings D D.

It is found best in making floats of fifty or 0 sixty feet in length tomake the shaft as here shown,the heads BBD D being firmly united to thewalls of the cylinder.

At or near the end of the central shaft or shafts are placed thejournal-boxes E E, carry- 5 ing the eyes 1 2 3 4 5 6, held on the shaftsby the heads 13 14, and being free to turn on the shaft, as they may beimpelled by the anchor chains or ropes attached to the eyes and theanchors 7 S 9 10 1.1 12.

On the outside of the cylinder are fastened, by any suitable means,ribs, flanges, or buckets F F F F F,running lengthwise of the cylinder,or, if preferred, spirally about the cylinder. The buckets may be bracedin any suit 5 able manner against one another, or to the cylinder.

The interior of the cylinder may be braced in any desired manner, togive stiffness to the cylinder and stability to the walls. Except whenvery large cylinders are used, the interior bracing may be omitted, asthe walls of the cylinder and thebuckets give sufficient strength inordinary cases.

The cylinder and buckets may be made by fastening together curved piecesof sheetiron at the edges, the convex sides ofthe sheets being towardthe center of the breakwater, as shown in Fig. 5, which is across-section of a breakwater so made. The adjacent edges of each of theabutting pieces of sheet metal of which it is formed may be continued tothe edge of the bucket, or only one, as desired, for the stability ofthe bucket.

The operation of the breakwater is as follows: The cylinder, made asabove described, is anchored off the shore it is desired to protect bythe anchors 7 8 9 10 11 12, attached to the respective eyes 1 2 3 4 5 6on the journal-boxes E E, being so placed that the axis of the cylinderis parallel with the shore, or nearly so. The breakwater is loaded so tofloat that its greatest diameter will be about at the water-line. A wavecoming on its broadside in this position will catch in those buckets F Fwhich may be above, and expend its force in revolving the cylinder aboutits axis, the lower or under buckets F F holding the cylinder to resistsuch revolution.

By placing a number of these breakwaters in line, or nearly so, or inthe proper relative position, a harbor or anchorage may be made on theroughest coast, and the shore kept from washing in the most exposedplaces. By the proper placing of a number of these cylinders anocean-canal can be made along the seacoast between the breakwater-s andthe coast at comparatively small cost.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

The cylindrical floatiu g breakwater fastened in position by its axis,capable of turning about its axis, provided on its surface withlongitudinal buckets, as specified and set forth.

LANOELOT KIRKUP.

Witnesses:

JOSEPH J. SULLIVAN, JAMES E. DALTON.

